Flexible hoses and flexi tap connectors: the EPDM Legionella risk HSG274 warns about
Why EPDM-lined flexi tap connectors and braided hoses get flagged for Legionella, how to spot the high-risk ones, and what compliant replacement looks like.
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Wet and dry risers and firefighting mains: managing Legionella in fire water systems
Dry risers sit empty; wet risers hold static water year-round. See how each one's Legionella risk differs and who owns the water-hygiene duty in your block.
Solar thermal hot water and Legionella: keeping low-turnover stored water safe
Solar thermal can park stored water in the growth band for days. Set the auxiliary boost cycle and cylinder controls that keep pre-heat water Legionella-safe.
Legionella in food and drink manufacturing: process water, pasteurisers and breweries
Pasteurisers, wash-down sprays and brewery wort coolers aerosolise warm water. How to find and control the Legionella sources generic guidance misses.
Legionella in agriculture and horticulture: farms, growers and garden centres
Produce misters, polytunnel foggers and welfare showers all aerosolise water. Here is where the Legionella duty really bites on farms and growing sites.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa in building water: controls, augmented care and how it differs from Legionella
How Pseudomonas aeruginosa differs from Legionella in building water: outlet colonisation, contact spread, tap sampling and filters in augmented care.
Ozone for Legionella and water disinfection: how it works, where it fits and where it doesn't
Ozone kills Legionella and biofilm on contact but leaves no residual to reach your taps. Here's its niche, cooling-tower side-streams, and where it fails.
Silver-stabilised hydrogen peroxide for Legionella: how it works, dosing and where it fits
How silver-stabilised hydrogen peroxide controls Legionella, what its silver-boosted residual really does, and how the evidence compares with chlorine dioxide.
Cooling tower biocide programmes explained: oxidising vs non-oxidising biocides and dosing control
What a cooling tower biocide programme really does: an oxidising biocide under ORP control, rotated non-oxidisers and a biodispersant, proven by dip slides.
Dip slides explained: how to use them, incubate them and read the result
How to dip, incubate and read a water dip slide for total viable count, the technique, the CFU chart, and why a clean slide never means Legionella-free.
RAMS and permit-to-work for water hygiene: the safe system of work for disinfection
The RAMS, permit-to-work and confined-space controls a disinfection needs: the COSHH, isolation and scald checks that make a tank entry or hot purge safe.
Pipe Scale, Corrosion and Biofilm: How Surface Condition Drives Legionella Risk
Why limescale, internal roughness and corrosion shelter biofilm on pipe walls and slow disinfectant reaching the Legionella beneath, and what to inspect
Why Sediment and Particulate Fouling Matter in Water Systems
Grit, rust and cloudy water are not just cosmetic. Learn how settled sediment and particulate fouling give Legionella food and shelter
Pipe Materials and Long-Term Water Quality: Copper, Stainless, Plastic and Galvanised Compared
How copper, stainless, PEX, uPVC and legacy galvanised pipe age over decades, and what corrosion, roughness, biofilm and leaching mean for Legionella risk
Water Age Explained: Why Residence Time Drives Legionella Risk
How long water sits between the mains and the outlet quietly drives temperature drift, disinfectant decay and biofilm growth, and where to look first.
Why monitoring pipe condition matters for water safety
Temperature checks and samples catch today's faults. Tracking scale, corrosion and sediment as pipework ages catches the slow drift
How Biofilm Develops Inside Building Water Systems: Early Film to Mature Layer
Trace how biofilm grows from an invisible film to a mature, shedding layer in pipework, why a young film is easier to manage, and what keeps it thin
What a “Pipe Health Index” Could Mean for Legionella Risk: A Conceptual Look at Composite Condition Scoring
A conceptual look at rolling temperature, water age, material and scaling into one pipe health score to prioritise inspection, and why it never proves safety
Can ultrasonic signals reveal more than flow? A look at the future research
Clamp-on ultrasonic sensors read flow without cutting pipes. We explain the physics and weigh what scale or sediment sensing could add for water safety
Cycles of concentration explained: cooling tower water chemistry, bleed-off and why it matters for Legionella
What cycles of concentration, conductivity, bleed-off and inhibitors actually mean on a cooling tower report, and how the chemistry feeds your Legionella risk.
Drift eliminators: the cooling tower component that decides who breathes the aerosol
What cooling tower drift eliminators do, why a damaged or missing one turns a tower into a public-health emitter, and exactly what to inspect and record.
Pre-commission cleaning and disinfection of cooling towers: when it is required and what good looks like
When a cooling tower must be cleaned and disinfected, how fouling drives the schedule, and the certificate and records that prove the work.
Cooling tower winterisation, shutdown and safe restart: managing a tower that goes idle
How to handle a cooling tower that goes idle: the three layup choices, why a stagnant tower breeds Legionella, and the clean-and-disinfect before restart
Who actually controls the cooling tower: the responsible person and water-treatment contractor split
You can outsource cooling-tower water treatment but not the legal duty. See exactly what stays with the responsible person and what the contractor actually owns.
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